CG LAB EXAM VIVA QUESTIONS.
What is scan conversion?
A major task of the display processor is digitizing a picture definition given in an application program into a set of pixel-intensity values for storage in the frame buffer. This digitization process is called scan conversion
A major task of the display processor is digitizing a picture definition given in an application program into a set of pixel-intensity values for storage in the frame buffer. This digitization process is called scan conversion
Write the properties of video display devices?
Properties of video display devices are persistence, resolution, and aspect ratio
Properties of video display devices are persistence, resolution, and aspect ratio
What is rasterization?
The process of determining the appropriate pixels for representing picture or graphics object is known as rasterization
The process of determining the appropriate pixels for representing picture or graphics object is known as rasterization
Define Computer graphics.
Computer graphics remains one of the most existing and rapidly growing computer fields. Computer graphics maybe defined as a pictorial representation or graphical representation of objects in a computer.
Computer graphics remains one of the most existing and rapidly growing computer fields. Computer graphics maybe defined as a pictorial representation or graphical representation of objects in a computer.
Name any four input devices
Four input devices are keyboard, mouse, image scanners, and trackball.
Four input devices are keyboard, mouse, image scanners, and trackball.
Write the two techniques for producing color displays
with a CRT?
Beam penetration method, shadow mask method
Beam penetration method, shadow mask method
What is vertical retrace of the electron beam?
In raster scan display, at the end of one frame, the electron beam returns to the left top corner of the screen to start the next frame
In raster scan display, at the end of one frame, the electron beam returns to the left top corner of the screen to start the next frame
Short notes on video controller?
Video controller is used to control the operation of the display device. A fixed area of the system is reserved for the frame buffer, and the video controller is given direct access to the frame buffer memory
Video controller is used to control the operation of the display device. A fixed area of the system is reserved for the frame buffer, and the video controller is given direct access to the frame buffer memory
What is bitmap?
Some system has only one bit per pixel; the frame buffer is often referred to as bitmap.
Some system has only one bit per pixel; the frame buffer is often referred to as bitmap.
What is resolution?
The maximum number of points that can be displayed without overlap on a CRT is referred to as the resolution.
The maximum number of points that can be displayed without overlap on a CRT is referred to as the resolution.
What is horizontal retrace of the electron beam?
In raster scan display, the electron beam return to the left of the screen after refreshing each scan line, is called horizontal retrace of the electron beam.
In raster scan display, the electron beam return to the left of the screen after refreshing each scan line, is called horizontal retrace of the electron beam.
What is pix map?
Some system has multiple bits per pixel, the frame buffer is often referred to as pix map.
Some system has multiple bits per pixel, the frame buffer is often referred to as pix map.
Write the types of clipping?
Point clipping, line clipping, area clipping, text clipping and curve clipping.
What is meant by scan code?
When a key is pressed on the keyboard, the keyboard controller places a code
carry to the key pressed into a part of the memory called as the keyboard
buffer. This code is called as the scan code.
List out the merits and demerits of Penetration techniques?
The merits and demerits of the Penetration techniques are as follows. It is an inexpensive technique. It has only four colors. The quality of the picture is not good when it is compared to other techniques. It can display color scans in monitors. Poor limitation etc.
The merits and demerits of the Penetration techniques are as follows. It is an inexpensive technique. It has only four colors. The quality of the picture is not good when it is compared to other techniques. It can display color scans in monitors. Poor limitation etc.
What do you mean by emissive and non-emissive displays?
The emissive display converts electrical energy into light energy. The plasma panels, thin film electro-luminescent displays are the examples. The Non-emissive are optical effects to convert the sunlight or light from any other source to graphic form. Liquid crystal display is an example
The emissive display converts electrical energy into light energy. The plasma panels, thin film electro-luminescent displays are the examples. The Non-emissive are optical effects to convert the sunlight or light from any other source to graphic form. Liquid crystal display is an example
List out the merits and demerits of Plasma panel display?
Merits. Refreshing is not required. Produce a very steady image free of Flicker. Less bulky than a CRT. Demerits. Poor resolution of up to 60 d.p.i. It requires complex addressing and wiring. It is costlier than CRT.
Merits. Refreshing is not required. Produce a very steady image free of Flicker. Less bulky than a CRT. Demerits. Poor resolution of up to 60 d.p.i. It requires complex addressing and wiring. It is costlier than CRT.
What is persistence?
The time it takes the emitted light from the screen to decay one tenth of its original intensity is called as persistence.
The time it takes the emitted light from the screen to decay one tenth of its original intensity is called as persistence.
What is Aspect ratio?
The ratio of vertical points to the horizontal points necessary to produce length of lines in both directions of the screen is called the Aspect ratio. Usually the aspect ratio is ¾.
The ratio of vertical points to the horizontal points necessary to produce length of lines in both directions of the screen is called the Aspect ratio. Usually the aspect ratio is ¾.
What is the difference between impact and non-impact printers?
Impact printer press formed character faces against an inked ribbon on to the paper. A line printer and dot-matrix printer are examples. Non-impact printer and plotters use Laser techniques ,inkjet sprays, Xerographic process, electrostatic methods and electro thermal methods to get images onto the papers. Examples are: Inkjet/Laser printers.
Impact printer press formed character faces against an inked ribbon on to the paper. A line printer and dot-matrix printer are examples. Non-impact printer and plotters use Laser techniques ,inkjet sprays, Xerographic process, electrostatic methods and electro thermal methods to get images onto the papers. Examples are: Inkjet/Laser printers.
Define pixel?
Pixel is shortened forms of picture element. Each screen point is referred to as pixel or pel.
Pixel is shortened forms of picture element. Each screen point is referred to as pixel or pel.
What is frame buffer?
Picture definition is stored in a memory area called frame buffer or refresh buffer.
Picture definition is stored in a memory area called frame buffer or refresh buffer.
Where the video controller is used?
A special purpose processor, which is used to control the operation of the display device, is known as video controller or display controller.
A special purpose processor, which is used to control the operation of the display device, is known as video controller or display controller.
What is run length encoding?
Run length encoding is a compression technique used to store the intensity values in the frame buffer, which stores each scan line as a set of integer pairs. One number each pair indicates an intensity value, and second number specifies the number of adjacent pixels on the scan line that are to have that intensity value.
Run length encoding is a compression technique used to store the intensity values in the frame buffer, which stores each scan line as a set of integer pairs. One number each pair indicates an intensity value, and second number specifies the number of adjacent pixels on the scan line that are to have that intensity value.
What is point in the computer graphics system?
The point is a most basic graphical element & is completely defined by a pair of user coordinates (x, y).
The point is a most basic graphical element & is completely defined by a pair of user coordinates (x, y).
Write short notes on lines?
A line is of infinite extent can be defined by an angle of slope q and one point on the line P=P(x,y). This can also be defined as y=mx+C where C is the Y intercept.
A line is of infinite extent can be defined by an angle of slope q and one point on the line P=P(x,y). This can also be defined as y=mx+C where C is the Y intercept.
Define Circle?
Circle is defined by its center xc, yc and its radius in user coordinate units. The equation of the circle is (x-xc) + (yyc)= r2.
Circle is defined by its center xc, yc and its radius in user coordinate units. The equation of the circle is (x-xc) + (yyc)= r2.
What are the various attributes of a line?
The line type, width and color are the attributes of the line. The line type include solid line, dashed lines, and dotted lines.
The line type, width and color are the attributes of the line. The line type include solid line, dashed lines, and dotted lines.
What is anti-aliasing?
The process of adjusting intensities of the pixels along the line to minimize the effect of aliasing is called anti-aliasing.
The process of adjusting intensities of the pixels along the line to minimize the effect of aliasing is called anti-aliasing.
What is Transformation?
Transformation is the process of introducing changes in the shape size and orientation of the object using scaling rotation reflection shearing & translation etc.
Transformation is the process of introducing changes in the shape size and orientation of the object using scaling rotation reflection shearing & translation etc.
What is translation?
Translation is the process of changing the position of an object in a straight-line path from one coordinate location to another. Every point (x , y) in the object must undergo a displacement to (x|,y|). the transformation is :x| = x + tx ; y| = y+ty
Translation is the process of changing the position of an object in a straight-line path from one coordinate location to another. Every point (x , y) in the object must undergo a displacement to (x|,y|). the transformation is :x| = x + tx ; y| = y+ty
What is rotation?
A 2-D rotation is done by repositioning the coordinates along a circular path, in the x-y plane by making an angle with the axes. The transformation is given by: X| = r cos (q + f) and Y| = r sin (q +
A 2-D rotation is done by repositioning the coordinates along a circular path, in the x-y plane by making an angle with the axes. The transformation is given by: X| = r cos (q + f) and Y| = r sin (q +
f).
What is scaling?
A 2-D rotation is done by repositioning the coordinates along a circular path, in the x-y plane by making an angle with the axes. The transformation is given by: X| = r cos (q + f) and Y| = r sin (q + f).
A 2-D rotation is done by repositioning the coordinates along a circular path, in the x-y plane by making an angle with the axes. The transformation is given by: X| = r cos (q + f) and Y| = r sin (q + f).
What is shearing?
The shearing transformation actually slants the object along the X direction or the Y direction as required. i e ; this transformation slants the shape of an object along a required plane.
The shearing transformation actually slants the object along the X direction or the Y direction as required. i e ; this transformation slants the shape of an object along a required plane.
What is reflection?
The reflection is actually the transformation that produces a mirror image of an object. For this use some angles and lines of reflection.
The reflection is actually the transformation that produces a mirror image of an object. For this use some angles and lines of reflection.
What are the two classifications of shear transformation?
X shear, y shear
X shear, y shear
Name any three font editing tools.
ResEdit, Fontographer
ResEdit, Fontographer
Distinguish between window port & view port?
A portion of a picture that is to be displayed by a window is known as window port. The display area of the part selected or the form in which the selected part is viewed is known as view port.
A portion of a picture that is to be displayed by a window is known as window port. The display area of the part selected or the form in which the selected part is viewed is known as view port.
Define clipping?
Clipping is the method of cutting a graphics display to neatly fit a predefined graphics region or the view port
Clipping is the method of cutting a graphics display to neatly fit a predefined graphics region or the view port
What is the need of homogeneous coordinates?
To perform more than one transformation at a time, use homogeneous coordinates or matrixes. They reduce unwanted calculations intermediate steps saves time and memory and produce a sequence of transformations
To perform more than one transformation at a time, use homogeneous coordinates or matrixes. They reduce unwanted calculations intermediate steps saves time and memory and produce a sequence of transformations
Distinguish between uniform scaling and differential scaling?
When the scaling factors sx and sy are assigned to the same value, a uniform scaling is produced that maintains relative object proportions. Unequal values for sx and sy result in a differential scaling that is often used in design application
When the scaling factors sx and sy are assigned to the same value, a uniform scaling is produced that maintains relative object proportions. Unequal values for sx and sy result in a differential scaling that is often used in design application
What is fixed point scaling?
The location of a scaled object can be controlled by a position called the fixed point that is to remain unchanged after the scaling transformation.
The location of a scaled object can be controlled by a position called the fixed point that is to remain unchanged after the scaling transformation.
What is Bezier Basis Function?
Bezier Basis functions are a set of polynomials, which can be used instead of the primitive polynomial basis, and have some useful properties for interactive curve design
Bezier Basis functions are a set of polynomials, which can be used instead of the primitive polynomial basis, and have some useful properties for interactive curve design
What is surface patch?
A single surface
element can be defined as the surface traced out as two parameters (u, v) take
all possible values between 0 and 1 in a two-parameter representation. Such a single
surface element is known as a surface patch
Define B-Spline curve?
A B-Spline curve is a set of piecewise(usually cubic)polynomial segments that pass close to a set of control points. However the curve does not pass through these control points, it only passes close to them
A B-Spline curve is a set of piecewise(usually cubic)polynomial segments that pass close to a set of control points. However the curve does not pass through these control points, it only passes close to them
What is a spline?
To produce a smooth curve through a designed set of points, a flexible strip called spline is used. Such a spline curve can be mathematically described with a piece wise cubic polynomial function whose first and second derivatives are continuous across various curve section.
To produce a smooth curve through a designed set of points, a flexible strip called spline is used. Such a spline curve can be mathematically described with a piece wise cubic polynomial function whose first and second derivatives are continuous across various curve section.
What are the different ways of specifying spline curve?.
Using a set of boundary conditions that are imposed on the spline.. Using the state matrix that characteristics the spline. Using a set of blending functions that calculate the positions along the curve path by specifying combination of geometric constraints on the curve
Using a set of boundary conditions that are imposed on the spline.. Using the state matrix that characteristics the spline. Using a set of blending functions that calculate the positions along the curve path by specifying combination of geometric constraints on the curve
What are the important properties of Bezier Curve?.
It needs only four control points. It always passes through the first and last control points. The curve lies entirely within the convex half formed by four control points.
It needs only four control points. It always passes through the first and last control points. The curve lies entirely within the convex half formed by four control points.
Define Projection?
The process of displaying 3D into a 2D display unit is known as projection. The projection transforms 3D objects into a 2D projection plane
The process of displaying 3D into a 2D display unit is known as projection. The projection transforms 3D objects into a 2D projection plane
What are the steps involved in 3D transformation?.
Modeling Transformation. Viewing Transformation. Projection Transformation Workstation Transformation
Modeling Transformation. Viewing Transformation. Projection Transformation Workstation Transformation
What do you mean by view plane?
A view plane is nothing but the film plane in camera which is positioned and oriented for a particular shot of the scene.
A view plane is nothing but the film plane in camera which is positioned and oriented for a particular shot of the scene.
Define projection?
The process of converting the description of objects from world coordinates to viewing coordinates is known as projection
The process of converting the description of objects from world coordinates to viewing coordinates is known as projection
What you mean by parallel projection?
Parallel projection is one in which z coordinates is discarded and parallel lines from each vertex on the object are extended until they intersect the view plane
Parallel projection is one in which z coordinates is discarded and parallel lines from each vertex on the object are extended until they intersect the view plane
What do you mean by Perspective projection?
Perspective projection is one in which the lines of projection are not parallel. Instead, they all converge at a single point.
Perspective projection is one in which the lines of projection are not parallel. Instead, they all converge at a single point.
What is Projection reference point?
In Perspective projection, the lines of projection are not parallel. Instead, they all converge at a single point.
In Perspective projection, the lines of projection are not parallel. Instead, they all converge at a single point.
Define computer graphics animation?
Computer graphics animation is the use of computer graphics equipment where the graphics output
Computer graphics animation is the use of computer graphics equipment where the graphics output
presentation dynamically changes in real time. This is often
also called real time animation.
Define frame?
One of the shape photographs that a film or video is made of is known as frame.
One of the shape photographs that a film or video is made of is known as frame.
What is key frame?
One of the shape photographs that a film or video is made of the shape of an object is known initially and for a small no of other frames called key frame.
One of the shape photographs that a film or video is made of the shape of an object is known initially and for a small no of other frames called key frame.
Define Random scan/Raster scan displays?
Random scan is a method in which the display is made by the electronic beam which is directed only to the points or part of the screen where the picture is to be drawn. The Raster scan system is a scanning technique in which the electrons sweep from top to bottom and from left to right. The intensity is turned on or off to light and un light the pixel.
Random scan is a method in which the display is made by the electronic beam which is directed only to the points or part of the screen where the picture is to be drawn. The Raster scan system is a scanning technique in which the electrons sweep from top to bottom and from left to right. The intensity is turned on or off to light and un light the pixel.
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